What is Fullerenes?
Fullerenes, also known as Buckminsterfullerene, are a class of carbon molecules that are characterized by their unique icosahedron structure. This structure is similar to a soccer ball, consisting of 60 carbon atoms linked together to form a hollow sphere. The name ‘Fullerene’ is derived from the American architect Buckminster Fuller, whose geodesic domes the structure resembles.
The discovery of Fullerenes dates back to 1985 by a group of scientists, including Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley, and Robert Curl, who were later awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their groundbreaking work. Initially, Fullerenes were not associated with cosmetics, but their potential benefits in skincare were later recognized, leading to their incorporation in various cosmetic products.
Fullerenes are produced synthetically in a laboratory setting. The process involves vaporizing graphite in an atmosphere of helium gas. The resulting carbon plumes condense into soot, which is then processed to extract Fullerenes.
When compared to other carbon-based ingredients used in cosmetics, such as activated charcoal or carbon black, Fullerenes stand out due to their unique structure and properties. Unlike these other carbon forms, Fullerenes have the ability to act as antioxidants, neutralizing harmful free radicals on the skin. This makes them particularly beneficial in anti-aging and skin protection products.
Fullerenes are typically used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging creams. Their unique properties make them a valuable ingredient in products designed to protect the skin from environmental damage, improve skin texture, and reduce signs of aging.
Benefits and Uses
In this section, we will delve into the officially recognized benefits and uses of Fullerenes:
Antimicrobial Properties
Fullerenes have been officially recognized for their antimicrobial properties. In simple terms, this means that they can help to kill or slow down the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. This is particularly beneficial in cosmetics as it can help to prevent the product from spoiling and extend its shelf life. Additionally, by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria on the skin, Fullerenes can also contribute to maintaining the health and cleanliness of the skin.
Skin Conditioning
Another official function of Fullerenes is skin conditioning. This means that they can help to enhance the appearance and feel of the skin. They work by softening, smoothing, and moisturizing the skin, thereby improving its texture and elasticity. This can result in a more youthful and radiant complexion. Furthermore, by providing a protective barrier on the skin, Fullerenes can also help to shield the skin from environmental stressors such as pollution and UV rays.
It’s important to note that the benefits listed above are based on the officially recognized and defined functions of Fullerenes. There may be other potential benefits and uses of this ingredient that go beyond these official functions. However, more research is needed to confirm these additional benefits.
Safety Profile
Fullerenes are not a banned or regulated ingredient in cosmetics. However, like any other ingredient, it is essential to use it responsibly and in the right concentrations. The CosIng Database, the Personal Care Products Council (PCPC), and The US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) have not listed Fullerenes as a potential allergen. However, individual skin reactions may vary, and it is always recommended to do a patch test before widespread usage.
Potential side effects of topical application of Fullerenes may include:
- Minor skin irritation
- Redness
- Dryness
A note for women who are pregnant and/or breastfeeding – There is currently a lack of data on the safety of topical Fullerenes usage during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Therefore, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for further advice.
Adverse reactions or side effects from Fullerenes are not common. However, as with any skincare product, it is recommended to do a patch test before using it widely to ensure there is no adverse reaction.
This ingredient analysis has been commissioned by Truth In Skincare (TiS), an independent industry regulator. The analysis was conducted by a TiS-appointed industry consultant whose sources include CosIng (Cosmetic Ingredient Database – by the European Commission), the Personal Care Products Council (PCPC), The US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) as well as other various publicly available sources.
